eSports are a form of electronic sports competition in which competitors compete on gaming platforms and in video games, sometimes with a spectator audience. Their notoriety has increased significantly in recent years, especially during the pandemic.
Participation in the competitions is open not only to professional gamers, but also to fans, who, after registering or passing selections, can take part in the tournament.
Major competitions can be streamed through YouTube or Twitch platforms, and both participants and spectators can be present at the event, physically or remotely.

In 2021 there were 240 million fans actively playing games worldwide; by 2024 this is expected to increase to 291 million. As for the audience, however, compared to 474 million in 2021, 577 million are projected in 2024.
The estimated economic impact for the eSports sector, in Italy, amounts to between 45 and 47 million euros, according to data recently released by OIES (Osservatorio Italiano E Sports).

Blockchain and eSports, the benefits

The world of eSports has already approached blockchain very strongly. The advantages of this technology applied to eSports, lie mainly in the ability to track and validate results, ensuring transparency and data sharing with all participants on the platform.
The ability to clearly show the progress of tournaments and track transactions, through new technological models, results in increased trust on the part of all players and fans.

For example, one of the most immediate benefits of distributed ledgers lies in the ability to enroll all users on the platform so that awards are visible to all and transparent, including by leveraging on cryptocurrencies or tokens.
Startups entering the world of eSports have begun to turn to blockchain as early as the planning and fundraising stages. Initial Coin Offering (ICOs), fundraising via crowdfunding, are directly aimed at obtaining funding for a project using distributed ledgers. The operation of ICOs is based on the issuance of tokens that are sold in exchange for a fee intended to finance the initiative.

After purchasing the tokens, users actually become part of the system, which allows players and brands to both organize events and tournaments and set up prize pools for winners.
In this way, in addition to ensuring real sharing of the initiatives taken by the various tournament players, it is possible to increase the pool of users who aspire to become professional players in the world of eSports.
In addition to event organizers, professional players will also be able to make use of technology to broadcast their matches live, earning money on their channels through advertising.
Thus, a new perspective opens up for sponsorships, which can identify not only events and teams but also professional gamers with whom to sign mutually beneficial agreements.

Blockchain and eSports, toward the future

Blockchain represents an innovative circuit in which to give rise not only to economic exchanges, but also a virtual platform in which audiences and fans can be actively involved in the enjoyment of various initiatives.
In this way, all players on the scene find themselves playing an equally important role and gaining benefits regardless of their position in the ecosystem.
Novice gamers, who aspire to become professionals, often face quite a few difficulties in overcoming the barriers to entry created for the benefit of the preponderance of team sports that, by definition, require the creation and management of a team. Thanks to blockchain, this issue can be easily solved. Indeed, with modern platforms, gamers can challenge themselves individually: if interested in team competitions, they can easily find other “peers” (anywhere in the world) through recruitment platforms.

Blockchain and eSports: more security, trust and speed

Everything related to the contractual phase and financial transactions can be easily managed by the platform, resulting in faster time to make agreements and increased security and trust between the players in the exchange.
It is the creation of trust and the pursuit of transparency and security that are cornerstones not only for the success of platforms, but also for the growth and development of eSports.

With a decentralized and incorruptible method, the risk of system corruption can be reduced and what happens within the platform (including on the eSports-related betting side, for example) can be regulated in a crystal-clear manner.
What remains a substantial problem is the lack of established legal certainty, but the increase in litigation in the industry has led to a growth in attention to eSports regulation and will certainly produce case law in the near future that can increase protection for all gamers.

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The blockchain to identify the best opportunities

First, these innovative technologies can be leveraged to identify, by both clubs and sponsors, the most cost-effective contracts for each form of business, in terms of affinity and economic value.

Large sports clubs can make the most of smart contracts. The advantage of not having to manage and control the correct performance of the clauses preparatory to the termination of the contract (thanks to the blockchain), translates into a huge saving of time and expense.
The stipulated sponsorships can be much more detailed also from a geographical point of view: hyperlocalising the investments, from an economic point of view, is considerably more advantageous.
Speeding up processes and reducing costs are the first two steps towards the future of sponsorship, and the resulting benefits could also benefit the individual athletes they are aimed at.

Smart Contracts and sponsorships of the future

The first key step in establishing a contract, entered into a distributed registry, is to find the most appropriate sponsorship format. Clubs and sponsors identify the partner that best meets their business needs from a database. Once the eligible parties have been identified, the negotiation phase begins, in which the key conditions for the parties to sign the agreement are established. Only once these conditions are determined, the contract will be registered on blockchain and will acquire legal validity. Sponsors, in this way, can identify the most suitable clubs in a timely, selective and cost-effective manner. The same applies to clubs.

Another advantage is found in the possibility to establish a priori thresholds of expectation: for example, the definition of a minimum turnout of participants at the event below which the sponsorship is considered ineffective. If the assumptions set out in the contract are not met, the next stage of the contract will not take place. For example, if attendance at an event does not meet the established criteria, the sponsor may pay a proportionately reduced payment. Conversely, in the optimistic event that the thresholds are abundantly exceeded, clubs can receive increased rewards. It is up to the blockchain to transparently monitor the successful outcome of negotiations.

Blockchain for athletes and clubs, culture and entertainment

Today, contracting through distributed platforms and smart contracts is primarily leveraged by clubs and businesses.
In the not too distant future, however, the model could be extended to individual athletes as well as those in the arts and culture sector. Artists, journalists and those who benefit from copyright, through smart contracts, can sell their products avoiding labels and therefore interacting directly with their audience.

Small sports clubs, which are struggling in the traditional sponsorship market, may find interesting new opportunities through blockchain. For example, the technology can help local sports by facilitating the selection of local businesses for clubs in the same geographic area. In this way, profits would grow for “smaller” realities that can take advantage of the investments of local businesses.

Another area of application is advertising space on the sidelines at sporting events. These, often, remain unsold due to the very long time required for the negotiation and conclusion of agreements, as well as due to the high costs of the long chain of intermediaries. Failure to sell space translates into a substantial economic loss. Through blockchain technologies the time of negotiations can be shortened considerably, and up to a few hours before the event it becomes possible to sell advertising space. And through the elimination of third-party figures, costs can be significantly reduced, while increasing the transparency and security of the partnership.

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[:it]L'articolo The Smart Contract in the sport and the entertainment proviene da Chainon.[:]

The advantages of Smart Contract

The main advantages of Smart Contract are:

– independence from intermediaries
– immutability of the code
– economic saving
– simplification of operations
– great precision and reduction of the margin of error.

How Smart Contract works

The practical operation of the Smart Contract consists in the translation of a traditional contract into a code capable of systematically verifying the existence of certain conditions preparatory to the implementation of other consequent conditions. In other words, only when condition A is met then it is possible to proceed towards the implementation and development of condition B. Smart Contracts, therefore, aim to check and subsequently transcribe, according to the “if/then” logic, the conditions agreed by the contractors and defined by the articles of the contract.

The first phase of drafting is the only one that requires monitoring and IT support. In fact, the translation of the contract into code requires the assistance of an expert who has the necessary technological and legal background. The individual clauses of the contract are signed at the stipulation stage. The self-executing process, at this point, guarantees immutability and thus makes it impossible to revoke the transaction as well as unforeseen, arbitrary changes and modifications after the fact.

The blockchain, in a perspective of synergy between the two technologies, is the ideal technical support for Smart Contracts, as it facilitates the creation of consensus between the parties. Not only that. In the stipulation of traditional contracts, the intervention of an intermediary is always necessary to guarantee and protect the contracting parties. In the case, instead, of smart contracts, the blockchain can be automatically resoloutory, being essential characteristics of its functioning the immutability and the control by all the components of the network, of the data that are inserted each time.

Evaluation and validation: the PoW mechanism

The evaluation and therefore validation of the contract will be the work of the platform users through the PoW (Proof of Work) mechanism. Within the contract the specifics and details can be as many as necessary to meet the needs of all parties. At the basis of the contract there are rules determined by both parties, which govern all exchanges, protecting transactions against any possibility of modification or intervention by external agents. The resolution of any disputes must always be foreseen and predefined at the time of the stipulation, regulating also the procedure for the eventual dissolution of the contract.

The marriage between Smart Contract and blockchain, therefore, can facilitate the initial phase of the negotiation: the protection of the parties is extremely simplified and guaranteed, allowing to consult an intermediary figure only in the phase of translation of the agreement into a string of code. Subsequently, it will be an app that will oversee the proper conduct of the operations required by the code. The app notifies the parties in a timely manner that one or more crucial clauses are fulfilled. The two parties then give their consent to proceed with the next steps.
All the operations take place in an automated way; for this reason they do not require the control of a correct execution by an external super partes controller.

The presence of an IT and legal expert

The critical issues that can be encountered in this contractual methodology lie in the need to use an IT expert. This specialist must be able to correctly transform the agreement into a cryptographic code (the code string), in the initial phase of negotiations.
The appropriate legal preparation of this professional figure is aimed at ensuring that possible divergent interpretations of the articles are avoided in subsequent litigation. For the proper conduct of the various stages of the agreement, any possible hindrance or misunderstanding must be avoided.

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What are the sponsorship strategies they adopt most frequently?

I will try to answer these questions in this article, which aims to analyze how the instrument of sponsorship is strategic, within the communication mix, to establish a brand in the financial sector.

The volume of investments

Let’s start by delving into how relevant investments are in this industry.

Among the big spenders on sponsorship, the financial/insurance sector is second to none

In Italy, for every 100 million euros invested, over 10 million come from commercial brands in this sector, without considering the weight of foundations.

For several players in the sector, the share of sponsorships in the communication budget is predominant and higher than that of other media and even classic advertising.

The big spenders

But who are the main investors in this sector?

Allianz, Gruppo Unipol and Generali amongst Insurances.

Intesa Sanpaolo, UniCredit and BNL Gruppo BNP PariBas amongst Banks.

Where they invest

Sports take the lead, garnering about two-thirds of sponsorship investments.

Art and culture receive about 20% of the money invested. The remainder is distributed among music, entertainment, environment, training and solidarity.

Theater and sports are the preferred areas of investment

Brands in the financial sector are primarily tied to institutions and events. Pairings with individual personalities are rare.

Players in the sector traditionally invest considerable resources in the world of theater and art, with the aim of enhancing cultural heritage.

Che Banca! thus lends its name to the Teatro Nazionale in Milan, UniCredit sponsors the Arena di Verona Opera Festival and the Filarmonica della Scala.

Furthermore, Intesa Sanpaolo is the main sponsor of the season of the Teatro alla Scala, but also sponsors the Teatro Regio in Turin, the Teatro Franco Parenti in Milan, the Teatro La Fenice in Venice and many others.

In the sports field, soccer and tennis are the disciplines that gather the greatest investments in the sector.

In tennis, for example, there is a strong presence of:

• BNL Gruppo BNP PariBas, title sponsor of the Internazionali di Roma since back in 2007;
• Intesa Sanpaolo: sponsor of the ATP Finals in Turin and of the ATP Next Gen Finals in Milan (of which it is title sponsor), but also partner of two of the emerging young Italian tennis players, Jannik Sinner and Lorenzo Musetti;
• Reale Mutua: sponsor of the Internazionali di Roma for 3 years, has chosen Lorenzo Sonego as its ambassador;
• UniCredit: sponsor of the 2021 Davis Cup Finals.

The commitment of the finance sector to music and the world of entertainment is rarer, although there is no lack of important operations, such as that of Intesa Sanpaolo alongside the Jova Beach Party.

After having analyzed who the big spenders are and where companies usually invest, let’s now see which objectives sponsorships generally respond to and which are the chosen methods of intervention.

Community at the center

Through sponsorship, the companies in this industry seek first and foremost opportunities for dialogue and a way to express their closeness to the community, sharing the passions of their stakeholders (clients, institutions, employees, etc.).

Thus, they invest mainly in the areas where they are based or where they are particularly active: Unipol Group in Bologna, Intesa Sanpaolo in Turin and Milan, Allianz in Milan and Trieste, Generali again in Trieste and Venice.

The goals

Among larger companies, in addition to territorial control (institutional relations, PR, incentives), investments often respond to positioning objectives: consolidate the reputation and image of the brand.

This objective is frequently combined with that of reaching/preventing specific client targets (e.g. younger people).

Commercial objectives or those of involving the network are, on the other hand, rarer: an effective example in this sense is given by Banca Mediolanum with the Giro d’Italia.

Among smaller companies, sponsorships are also often activated to (quickly) reinforce awareness and recognition at a national level.

Giant agreements

This sector is characterized by high-impact investments: agreements with main/title sponsors are frequent (e.g., Internazionali BNL d’Italia or Intesa Sanpaolo Next Gen Finals in tennis).

The finance sector is also among the most active in naming rights (for sports facilities, but not only):

• stadiums: Allianz Stadium in Turin, Unipol Domus in Cagliari
• arenas: Mediolanum Forum and Allianz Cloud in Milan, Unipol Arena in Bologna, Allianz Dome in Trieste
• golf clubs: Allianz Course by Trent Jones Sr and Allianz Bank Course by Hurdzan-Fry in Turin
• theaters: CheBanca! National Theater in Milan

Sponsorships as a strategic rather than tactical activity

Sponsorships are usually used to promote the brand of the group (e.g. Unipol Gruppo), the parent company (e.g. Intesa Sanpaolo) or its subsidiaries (e.g. Unipol Sai), rather than to push individual products and services.

The sector is characterized by multi-year agreements (often of very long duration) with facilities, institutions and events: BNL has been the sponsor of the Internazionali di Roma since 2007, Allianz has given its name to the Juventus Stadium since 2017 and will do so until 2030, UniCredit has been the sponsor of the Arena di Verona Opera Festival since 1994 …

Alongside agreements of a predominantly strategic nature are tactical transactions, but these are less frequent than in other industries.

Activation investments are lower than other industries

Sponsorships are rarely promoted in the media through dedicated advertising campaigns; an exception is Reale Mutua, which last year promoted, also on TV, the combination with the International Tennis Championships.

In some (and rare) cases, companies promote dedicated offers or launch personalized products aimed at the reference public: a case study is that of BNL Gruppo BNP PariBas, which developed an offer reserved for members of the Italian Tennis Federation at special conditions.

Examples of the construction of real communities founded around the specific passions of their members are still isolated. Once again, the exemplary case is that of BNL, which over the years has promoted We Are Tennis, the online community launched in 2011 and today a point of reference for all fans of this discipline, where it is possible to keep up to date on all the main international tournaments.

Among the big spenders in sponsorship, as we have seen, the financial/insurance sector is second to none, but the strategies of the operators are very different from each other.

Analyzing them helps investors understand how the competition is moving and helps marketers find out which companies are likely to show the most interest in their offerings.

[:it]L'articolo The sponsorship investment strategies of Banks and Insurances proviene da Chainon.[:]

To subscribe to this first smart contract were Volleyball League, the consortium that brings together the teams participating in the men’s volleyball leagues of Superleague, Series A2 and Series A3, and ChainOn, the first marketplace for buying and selling sponsorship and media rights in sports and entertainment that operates through the use of proprietary algorithms, blockchain and artificial intelligence.

The legal representatives of the two parties remotely signed a smart contract, or digital contract. By virtue of this first, historic, smart agreement, ChainOn has become an Official Innovation Partner of the Volleyball League.

The agreement provides free access until the end of the year to the www.chainon.it marketplace for the league and its 53 member clubs, which will then be able to submit their sponsorship deals on the platform.

To mark the occasion, the ChainOn/League Volleyball Innovation Award was established, which will be given to the league club that has most distinguished itself during the season in the area of innovation.

As part of the agreement, ChainOn was featured on the courtside LEDs at the 2022 Italian Cup Final Four that saw the Perugia team triumph.

The signing of this agreement, which took place on Chainon’s platform, opens the door to a new scenario for sponsorships, sports and otherwise.

How ChainOn works and its features

ChainOn is a peer-to-peer (P2P) trading marketplace , based on the use of blockchain and artificial intelligence, which, in the ambition of its creators, wants to revolutionize the market for sponsorship and media rights.

The
blockchain
is a very secure cryptographic system and allows “smart” contracts to be drafted that can be negotiated with the same guarantees as traditional ones: in very little time (days, not months) and automatically managing variable consideration. All with a much reduced cost of intermediation compared to the traditional offline market.

The platform www.chainon.it is online as of March 4, 2022. It is a restricted-access “showcase” in which investors (companies) and sellers (clubs, federations, athletes, intermediaries) have access to a growing database of sponsorship opportunities. Investors and sellers can meet virtually, exchange information, negotiate and conclude digital sponsorship contracts.

Will blockchain also take hold in sports sponsorship and media rights?

The world of sponsorship has often lagged behind technological progress. But a service such as the one launched these days requires-as Giovanni Palazzi, Ceo and Founder ChainOn, states. New paradigms, based on the transaction speed, the possibility of demobilizing the stock of unsold sponsorship rights (a market estimated to be worth about 100 million euros a year in Italy). All with commissions that today on ChainOn are 1 percent of the sale value, compared to the average 15 percent charged with traditional brokerage. All without counting the additional savings in search, negotiation, contracting and management costs.

A digital marketplace like this overcomes some of the traditional limitations of the sponsorship marketplace as we have known it to date, which in my opinion have greatly limited its development:

• First and foremost, the implementation, negotiation and management (including any litigation) of contracts. The implementation and negotiation of the sponsorship contract alone can be very complex. How many times have I been busy for weeks with the contracting party!?!! The innovative solution offered by ChainOn is the Smart Contract, a digital contract with legal validity that simplifies the process and also allows for: the breaking down of national borders for signing and payments; the security of collections on due dates; the possibility of automation of performance-related fees; and the rapid handling of disputes through online arbitration.
• opacity, because a marketplace is necessarily characterized by transparency-both of supply and prices.

What are the opportunities for investors (companies) and sellers (clubs, federations, athletes, intermediaries)?

Among the main opportunities that an offer like this promises I highlight these four:

1. make a large database of sponsorship (and later media rights and licensing) opportunities available to investors and rights sellers;
2. suggest to vendors the product sectors and companies that may show the most interest in their offerings, identifying, for example, companies that sponsor in his or her region with a specific spending cap, or identify sponsors that have been contracted by a competitor;
3. show potential buyers the partnership opportunities with higher Return on Investment (ROI) in a given area or which entities sponsor a competing company;
4. thanks to technology, sponsorship rights will be able to be turned into digital tokens exchange able on the Internet for cryptocurrencies. A Token allows an investor, for example, to expose three minutes of an advertising message on the LEDs of a sports competition. After purchasing the token, the buyer can either advertise his product or resell it again at a higher price than the purchase price. Tokens are a lever to broaden supply and demobilize significant amounts of resources.

What’s next

Today I am unable to say whether ChainOn’s selling proposition will be a success, but it could represent a revitalization opportunity for sports at every level. This is a revolution from which even smaller clubs and even grassroots sports associations could benefit, as they will be able to access the platform and publish their sports sponsorship deals in blockchain, to propose them to even much larger investors than those with whom they usually collaborate.

But the revolution promised by ChainOn is not limited to sports: in the future, the system may also be extended to the world of entertainment and culture.

I personally expect that blockchain can, at least in the medium term, decisively change the process of buying and selling sponsorships that we currently know.

Blockchain will be able to enable supply and demand matching, negotiation, and contract signing in real time with very high savings on commissions through disintermediation, benefiting smaller sellers in particular. All of this is done by streamlining processes and reducing costs.

Let the revolution begin….

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Alexander Donato

Senior Advisor | +20 years experience in Marketing and Sponsorship Management | Sports Manager

[:it]L'articolo Blockchain, smart contracts and AI poised to revolutionize the sponsorship market proviene da Chainon.[:]

Integrating blockchain with artificial intelligence, means leveraging algorithms and machine learning to make data interpretation more secure. AI works by exploiting a model similar to neural networks, and the blockchain, precisely because of its peer-to-peer structure, can represent not only a practical reproduction of the network of connections of intelligent systems, but also the ideal environment for their development and growth. All transactions that take place on the blockchain follow a direct exchange pattern between nodes that, with equal power, give rise to a process of mutual validation.

Incorruptible, immutable, blockchain

Thus, the blockchain is the practical representation of the theoretical operation of artificial intelligence and can, in this sense, give a decisive impetus to its development.
Maxim Orlovsky (on medium.com, in the article “How does blockchain relate to artificial intelligence?“), an expert on artificial intelligence, explained, extremely effectively, that blockchain can be to AI what writing has been to human history. With writing, concepts have been fundamentally changed in the sense of persistence and consensus. By persistence we mean their static nature over time, that is, the invariability of what is written despite generational succession. Consensus, on the other hand, indicates the fact that what is written can be traced back to a single meaning for all those who interpret it. These two characteristics of writing refer to the concepts of immutability and trust that characterize the blockchain. The incorruptibility of the data entered is a guarantee to prevent the modification of the information afterwards, while the trust mechanism subjects the blocks to active observation by all the components of the network.

In addition to what has been said, that is, the advantages that are structural of the functioning of distributed ledgers, another extremely convenient aspect of the integration process of the two technologies is the possibility of exploiting the data recorded on the blockchain to make predictions.
Distributed Ledgers are distributed platforms that aim to store the data entered by all participating nodes. This structure becomes a treasure trove of information that can be mined and interpreted by AI systems in the various fields of commerce, sponsorship, entertainment, and computing.

Energy, online sales, sponsorship: some application fields of blockchain

The use of this information can bring enormous benefits in various sectors, thanks to its predictive capabilities. The ability to correctly interpret the repertoire of information in the database allows you to provide consumers with personalized offers, perfectly adhering to their preferences.
Just think, for example, of the energy sector. Today there are smart devices inside every home that record the energy consumption of each household. If this data were placed on the blockchain and processed by artificial intelligence systems, reliable predictions could be made about future household consumption, bringing incredible benefits to both individuals and businesses. For consumers, a dedicated commercial formula could be hypothesized, based on the amount of energy consumed. For companies, however, it would finally be possible to produce energy in flexible quantities proportionate to market demand. It will be possible, therefore, to support the peaks and troughs of the request, on the basis of what is detected by the data analyzed in the reference periods. Not only companies and consumers would benefit from the synergic activity of the two technologies, but the reduction of overproduction and therefore of waste represent undoubtedly a new face of ecology.

Another field of application lies in online sales. Today’s e-commerce giants, such as Amazon, have an almost unlimited database of contacts, allowing them to adapt both their offerings and their advertisements to the characteristics of their customers. In the context of a free market, it is conceivable that physical stores, online stores, and consumers would cooperate to enter personal data into a distributed register. In this way, a common database containing consumers’ activities and data is created, which can compete even with global giants, facilitating competition and the growth of small brands. Thanks to the mechanisms of artificial intelligence, consumers will be able to make their data available to obtain advantageous offers, also from an economic point of view. While companies will be able to identify the consumers that are closest to their target and work on loyalty with targeted programs.

This mechanism can be replicated in the field of sport, with particular attention to sponsorship. Collaboration contracts between sponsors and clubs (large and small) can be facilitated by the use of a database that provides both clubs and businesses with information about the partner that best suits their needs. This process requires the integrated use of both blockchain and AI.

Decentralizing the machine learning and AI industry could make the market open, free and competitive. At the same time, it would significantly accelerate the development and research of new forms of AI due to the amount of data available within distributed ledgers.

Thus, the possibility of a new frontier of technology with blockchain and artificial intelligence as its protagonists is on the horizon.

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[:it]L'articolo Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain, a winning combination proviene da Chainon.[:]

AI is a branch of computer science that studies the design of hardware and software systems capable of making machines perform actions coordinated with the audio-visual, space-time and decision-making perceptions typical of humans. An intelligent system, therefore, is not only equipped with the ability to perform computational operations or store data, but also possesses varied social or spatial interaction capabilities. Machines can reproduce some of the usual behaviors of human beings; this denotes a particular, innovative form of intelligence endowed to the system.

The birth of this technology is conventionally traced back to 1956, the year of the advent of the computer, because, for the first time, in a conference that brought together experts in the computer field, the term “intelligent system” was used. To date, the use of algorithms, capable of reproducing the complex reasoning of man, has allowed to improve more and more these systems. These realities are characterized by a continuous growth in number and a constant updating and development of the mathematical equations on which they are based. In this way, a variety of possible behaviors is guaranteed, always growing and more and more adaptable to different external stimuli.

Algorithms are able to make decisions and choices related to the contexts in which they are inserted. Think, for example, of cars: a driverless vehicle, equipped with artificial intelligence systems, in case of risk can decide whether to steer or brake according to the circumstance. The possibility of choice on the part of the car denotes an awareness of the consequences of the action on the basis of risk predictions. The predictive ability depends on the recording of data obtained by the sensors, which collect information extrapolated from reality, to communicate them to the system that interprets them according to the decision-making process.

Basic and extended artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence has two different modes: basic or extended. The term “basic intelligence” refers to all knowledge acquired through the collection and processing of data. With “extended intelligence“, instead, we refer to the possibility of learning from the experiences of the system. In this last case, in the future of informatics it is possible to make the machine able to acquire information, a peculiar characteristic of the human being. Algorithms, so, become more and more precise and allow the interpretation of more and more accurate information, thanks to the already known data, which are part of the system’s background. Artificial intelligence can have two main modes of execution: formal languages and decisions. In the first case, to perform an action or solve a problem, it is chosen to use a predefined approach in the strings: the path to follow is decided according to the result that is intended to be achieved. In the second case, which instead implies the completion of a choice by the machine; a tree model is used: the algorithm is asked to evaluate every possible action or decision considering the consequences. The second approach is based on predictive models developed from initial information and pre-entered data, to make predictions about all possible consequences accurately.

Machine learning allows machines to perform an action even if it has not yet been programmed. The machine’s archive of experience becomes, as with humans, a source of continuous updating from which new algorithms can be learned and developed. It is a learning process aimed at the progressive refinement of the string code. Machines can learn from their mistakes and this is an enormous advantage for technological development.

A.I. in everyday life

In everyday life, artificial intelligence is extremely prevalent. Voice recognition programs, present in smartphones, as well as security systems that exploit facial recognition algorithms, are the result of the achievements of computer science in the field of AI. Interaction with smartphones is now ingrained in consumer habits and is continuously being integrated, through geolocation systems and motion sensors. Interaction between devices is also a product of artificial intelligence.

Vehicles that move without a driver have become a reality, although for the moment they are relegated to a few specific sectors. Other fields where extensive use of AI is being made are the stock market, medicine and robotics. In the medical field, for example, it has become a commonly used tool for certain types of analysis and in certain diagnoses, as well as for the creation of robots used to accompany patients or specific surgical operations.

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